What we’re building
We’ll build a feature for our WordPress theme to filter posts by category. This will happen asynchronously - so the browser won’t reload as new posts appear. We’ll use Alpine.JS on the front-end for fetching data and displaying new posts.
Project structure
How you structure this is up to you, but I want to clearly present the parts involved in this project:
/theme-root
│
└─── /template-parts/posts-filter
│ │ template.php
│ │ single-post.php
│ │ default-query.php
|
└─── /javascript
│ │ post-filter.js
|
└─── /inc
│ │ query-posts.php
/template-parts/posts-filter/
template.php will serve as our parent template. It’s where we’ll have most of our layout defined.
single-post.php will hold the markup for an individual blog post. If your theme already has a template partial for posts displayed in a grid than you can use that instead.
default-query.php will hold our post query and args for the intitial page load. We don’t need JavaScript for this.
/javascript/
posts-filter.js will hold our Alpine.JS component. It’s responsible for handling the category buttons and fetching and displaying posts.
This guide assumes you understand how to enqueue JavaScript in WordPress. Whether you want to include Alpine.js via CDN or NPM is up to you. Hit those docs{target=“_blank”}!
/inc/
query-posts.php will hold our post query and args for filtering and loading more posts. Our JavaScript will make requests to this file to receive back a list of blog posts.
We need to require this file from functions.php:
/**
* API for querying posts
*/
require get_template_directory() . '/inc/query-posts.php';
Base template and default state
Here’s the skeleton of our base template. The wrapper div references an Alpine.js component called filterPosts(). We’ll create that component later.
<div
class="flex items-start gap-8 alignwide mt-32"
x-data="filterPosts('<?php echo admin_url('admin-ajax.php'); ?>')">
<!-- Category Filter Sidebar -->
<aside class="w-1/4"></aside>
<!-- Posts Column -->
<div class="w-3/4"></div>
</div>
Default Query
First, let’s setup the default state for the posts column. The following code goes in /template-parts/default-query.php.
This is a simple query that returns ten blog posts and returns each post as our /template-parts/posts-filter/single-post.php template.
$query_args = array(
'posts_per_page' => 10,
'post_status' => 'publish',
'post_type' => 'post'
);
$the_query = new WP_Query($query_args);
if ($the_query->have_posts()) :
while ($the_query->have_posts()) : $the_query->the_post();
get_template_part('template-parts/posts-filter/single-post');
endwhile;
wp_reset_postdata();
endif;
Single Post Temlate
This is the single post template.
<div>
<?php if ( has_post_thumbnail() ) {
the_post_thumbnail( 'full', array( 'class' => 'm-0' ) );
}?>
<p class="text-xl font-medium mt-2"><?php the_title(); ?></p>
</div>
Inside of our posts column div lets call display the result of that query:
<!-- Posts Column -->
<div class="w-3/4">
<!-- Default posts query -->
<div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-6">
<?php get_template_part( 'template-parts/posts-filter/default-query' ); ?>
</div>
</div>
This is what we’ve built so far:
- A shell for our sidebar
- A content area for posts
- A default query that returns 10 posts w/o JavaScript
Category Sidebar
Our filter won’t work right away, but lets get our categories display as a list of buttons.
<!-- Category Filter Sidebar -->
<aside class="w-1/4">
<p class="text-xl font-medium">Categories</p>
<?php
$categories = get_categories();
if ( ! empty( $categories ) ) :
?>
<ul class="list-none px-0">
<?php foreach ( $categories as $category ) :
// Skip "Uncategorized" category
if ($category->name == 'Uncategorized') continue; ?>
<li class="hover:bg-slate-100 my-1 px-4 py-2 -ml-4 rounded-md">
<button class="text-xl text-slate-800 w-full text-left">
<?= esc_html( $category->name ); ?>
</button>
</li>
<?php endforeach; ?>
</ul>
<?php endif; ?>
</aside>
This gives us a list of categories in the sidebar:
Filtering by category
Now we’re getting into the complex stuff. Here’s what we need to do:
- Create an Alpine.js component to fetch posts
- Create a dynamic instance of
WP_Query()that Alpine.js will talk to - Initiate a fetch when a category button is clicked.
Alpine.js component
If you’re new to Alpine.js, hit the docs{target=“_blank”} to learn how to install Alpine via NPM or just grab a link from the CDN.
In my example I’ve installed Alpine via NPM. That’s why you see import and Alpine.start(). Ignore those if you’re using the CDN.
import Alpine from "alpinejs";
Alpine.data("filterPosts", (adminURL) => ({
posts: "",
limit: 10,
category: null,
showDefault: true,
showFiltered: false,
filterPosts(id) {
this.showDefault = false;
this.showFiltered = true;
this.category = id;
this.fetchPosts();
},
fetchPosts() {
var formData = new FormData();
formData.append("action", "filterPosts");
formData.append("offset", this.offset);
formData.append("limit", this.limit);
if (this.category) {
formData.append("category", this.category);
}
fetch(adminURL, {
method: "POST",
body: formData,
})
.then((res) => res.json())
.then((res) => {
this.posts = res.posts;
});
},
}));
window.Alpine = Alpine;
Alpine.start();
Let’s walk through this component:
posts: "",
category: null,
showDefault: true,
showFiltered: false,
posts: will contain our post data that we receive back from WordPress.
category: will be the category ID from clicking a button in the sidebar.
showDefault: If true, we’ll show the default posts.
showFiltered: If true, we’ll show the filtered posts.
filterPosts(id) {
this.showDefault = false;
this.showFiltered = true;
this.category = id;
this.fetchPosts();
},
filterPosts(id) takes in a category ID. It sets the current category to that ID and calls the fetchPosts() method. It’s also showing the filtered posts and hiding the default ones.
fetchPosts() {
var formData = new FormData();
formData.append("action", "filterPosts");
formData.append("offset", this.offset);
formData.append("limit", this.limit);
if (this.category) {
formData.append("category", this.category);
}
fetch(adminURL, {
method: "POST",
body: formData,
})
.then((res) => res.json())
.then((res) => {
this.posts = res.posts;
});
}
fetchPosts() is responsible for making an API call to WordPress. We give WordPress a category ID and we get back a list of blog posts. We can add data to our API call with FormData().
Here we prep our form data:
var formData = new FormData();
Then we add to that data with a key/value pair:
formData.append("action", "filterPosts");
...
action is the key and filterPosts is the value.
filterPosts is the name of a PHP function we’ll create soon that handles the request made from our fetchPosts() method.
If there’s a category ID set, we can add category as the key in our form data and the ID as the value.
if (this.category) {
formData.append("category", this.category);
}
When fetchPosts() is called is tells WordPress:
- Run the PHP function name
filterPosts - And pass into that function a
categoryfrom our category ID
Query Posts API
Earlier you should have created inc/query-posts.php and required it in functions.php.
<?php
// the ajax function
add_action('wp_ajax_filterPosts', 'filterPosts');
add_action('wp_ajax_nopriv_filterPosts', 'filterPosts');
function filterPosts()
{
$response = [
'posts' => "",
];
$filter_args = array(
'post_status' => 'publish',
'post_type' => 'post'
);
if ($_POST['limit']) {
$filter_args['posts_per_page'] = $_POST['limit'];
}
if ($_POST['category']) {
$filter_args['cat'] = $_POST['category'];
}
$filter_query = new WP_Query($filter_args);
if ($filter_query->have_posts()) :
while ($filter_query->have_posts()) : $filter_query->the_post();
$response['posts'] .= load_template_part('/template-parts/posts-filter/single-post');
endwhile;
wp_reset_postdata();
endif;
echo json_encode($response);
die();
}
Let’s break this down:
These two actions allow us to call the filterPosts() PHP function asynchronously on the front-end.
add_action('wp_ajax_filterPosts', 'filterPosts');
add_action('wp_ajax_nopriv_filterPosts', 'filterPosts');
Now we prep that response that holds our posts. It’s in an array so that we can add more data to our response if we expand our code and add new features.
$response = [
'posts' => "",
];
$filter_args() is an array that holds two default parameters - which limits the query to published blog posts. Second, we dynamically set a limit and category if one is supplied.
$filter_args = array(
'post_status' => 'publish',
'post_type' => 'post'
);
if ($_POST['limit']) {
$filter_args['posts_per_page'] = $_POST['limit'];
}
if ($_POST['category']) {
$filter_args['cat'] = $_POST['category'];
}
Finally, we loop our query and return our posts with the posts template.
$filter_query = new WP_Query($filter_args);
if ($filter_query->have_posts()) :
$i = 1;
while ($filter_query->have_posts()) : $filter_query->the_post();
$response['posts'] .= load_template_part('/template-parts/posts-filter/single-post');
endwhile;
wp_reset_postdata();
endif;
echo json_encode($response);
die();
Helper function for loading templates
WordPress has a get_template_part() function for returning a template in a loop, but this function doesn’t allow us to save the response to our $response['posts] variable.
The solution is to create a wrapper that allows to do just that:
You can create the load_template_part() function and place it in your functions.php or in another place that makes sense.
function load_template_part($template_name, $part_name = null, $args = [])
{
ob_start();
get_template_part($template_name, $part_name, $args);
$var = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $var;
}
Connecting Category Buttons to Alpine
When you click a category button, we need to call our filterPosts(id) method and pass in that category’s ID.
Let’s go back to the <aside> that holds our category buttons. We’ll be updating the <li> and <button> in our loop.
<li :class="category == <?php echo $category->term_id; ?> ? 'bg-slate-100' : ''"
class="hover:bg-slate-100 my-1 px-4 py-2 -ml-4 rounded-md">
<button
@click="filterPosts(<?= $category->term_id; ?>)"
class="text-xl text-slate-800 w-full text-left">
<?= esc_html( $category->name ); ?></button>
</li>
We’ve made two changes:
- Style the
<li>if the category is active::class="category == <?php echo $category->term_id; ?> ? 'bg-slate-100' : ''" - Call
filterPosts()when the button is clicked@click="filterPosts(<?= $category->term_id; ?>)"
Display the fitlered posts
Now let’s display the filtered posts that we received:
<!-- Posts Column -->
<div class="w-3/4">
<!-- Default posts query -->
<div x-show.important="showDefault" class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-6">
<?php get_template_part( 'template-parts/posts-filter/default-query' ); ?>
</div>
<!-- Filtered posts -->
<div x-show.important="showFiltered" class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-6" x-html="posts"></div>
</div>
Changes we’ve made:
- We’ve added
x-show.important="showDefault"to our default posts - We’ve added in our filtered posts
Alpine’s x-show allows us to conditionally show an element based on a value. In our case, when the page initially loads, showDefault equals true and becomes false when the user clicks a category button. If the condition in x-show evaluates to false, the element is hidden with display: none;.
We’re using the important modifier on x-show, because both divs have the class grid which is a display property and it conflicts with display: none; if the element should be hidden. Adding important makes x-show take precedence.
Final result
Once we’re done, we should be able to click a category in the sidebar to retrieve and display a filtered list of posts.
Additional Improvements
I can think of two ways to improve this feature:
- When fetching posts from WordPress display a skeleton loader until the results are ready.
- Add in a “Load More” button - Currently we only retrieve 10 mosts at a time with no way of viewing any more.
Let’s build this together in the next lesson 👉